Ionic bonding is a chemical bond between a non-metal and a metal. Metal would have lesser valence electrons and non-metal would have more valence electrons. Hence in order to get a full shell like the noble gases to be more stable, metal would lose its electrons, becoming positive, and non-metal would gain electrons, becoming negative. This process is called ionic bonding. Examples of ionic bonding are Na and Cl. Na would lose an electron and Cl would gain an electron to be able to form a stable full shell.
Covalent bonding is a form of chemical bonding between two non-metals. The two non-metals share their electrons to be able to have a stable full shell like the noble gases. Examples of covalent bonding are two hydrogen atoms. They have one atom each and hence would share with each other in order to have a complete shell of two electrons. This process is covalent bonding.
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